¿Puede utilizarse la propiedad intelectual para frenar la pérdida de biodiversidad a nivel global?

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Andrea Alunni

Resumen

La pérdida de biodiversidad es la principal consecuencia negativa de la degradación del medio ambiente. El acceso y la participación en los beneficios (APB), es-tipulado por el Convenio sobre la Diversidad Biológica (CDB) y establecido en el Protocolo de Nagoya (PN), es un enfoque político que vincula el acceso a los recursos genéticos (RG) y a los conocimientos tradicionales (CT) con la participación en los beneficios monetarios y no monetarios. Este artículo examina cómo el APB se ha convertido en el principal instrumento adoptado por los foros internacionales para prevenir una mayor pérdida de biodiversidad evitando la extinción y/o degradación de los RG, a menudo debido al mal uso y la apropiación indebida de los conocimientos tradicionales asociados a la gestión de los RG.
El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar el proceso por el cual los conocimientos tradicionales asociados a la gestión de los recursos genéticos (CT-RG) entraron en la agenda de la Propiedad Intelectual (PI) y verificar si el APB puede regular eficazmente el acceso a los RG del mundo, contribuyendo al mismo tiempo a la conservación de la di-versidad biológica y al uso sostenible de sus componentes de una manera aceptable para todas las partes interesadas. La investigación se llevó a cabo en dos partes:
La primera, explora la literatura que describe la evolución del debate sobre políticas de PI en el que se reconoció que el vínculo PI-TK-GR tiene implicaciones significativas para evitar la pérdida de biodiversidad preservando el papel de los titulares de los CT en un entor-no de innovación biotecnológica en rápida evolución. Esto condujo a la segunda parte, en la que se evalúa la gobernanza en rela-ción con la protección de los conocimientos tradicionales y los derechos de propiedad intelectual, así como los retos y las oportuni-dades a los que se enfrentan los marcos ins-titucionales y políticos internacionales para apoyar la adopción del APB en los distintos países. Un ejemplo práctico ilustra cómo las competencias de los pueblos indígenas y las comunidades locales pueden integrarse en las mejores prácticas de transferencia de tecnología para adoptar eficazmente el APB con el fin de producir nuevos conocimientos, innovación y prosperidad a partir de la in-vestigación conjunta y la cooperación entre científicos tradicionales y modernos.

Palabras clave:
Biodiversidad , Convenio sobre la Diversidad Biológica , Pueblos Indígenas y Comunidades Locales , Conocimientos Tradicionales , Recursos Genéticos , Conocimientos tradicionales asociados a la gestión de los recursos genéticos

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Cómo citar
Alunni, A. (2022). ¿Puede utilizarse la propiedad intelectual para frenar la pérdida de biodiversidad a nivel global?. Revista De Fomento Social, (303), 123-176. https://doi.org/10.32418/rfs.2022.303.5201
Sección
Estudios

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